Grammar: Infinitives, It's + Infinitive, Gerunds as Subjects & Past Perfect
English Grade 9 (Super Goal 3) · Unit 12: Culture Shock · Lesson 12-2 · Term 2
Also known as: Infinitives · Gerunds as subjects · Past perfect
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Lesson idea
Use verb + infinitive, verb + object + infinitive, It's + adjective + infinitive, expressions of advice with infinitives, gerunds as subjects, and the past perfect.
Key points
- Verb + infinitive: want/decide/plan/hope/need to do. Verb + object + infinitive: ask/tell/allow/expect someone to do.
- It's + adjective + infinitive: It's polite to arrive on time. It's rude to interrupt.
- Advice: Be sure to… / Make sure to… / Remember to… / Don't forget to… / Try (not) to…
- Gerund as subject: Learning a language takes time. (singular verb)
- Past perfect (had + past participle) = an action before another past action: When I arrived, the train had already left.
Vocabulary
infinitive
gerund
past perfect
had + past participle
It's polite to
Be sure to
Try not to
Lesson questions (12)
- I've decided ____ Spanish next year.
Answer: to study - My parents allowed me ____ to the camp.
Answer: to go - The teacher asked us ____ quiet.
Answer: to be - It's polite ____ your shoes before entering a Japanese home.
Answer: to take off - It's rude ____ people while they are talking.
Answer: to interrupt - Make sure ____ your passport before you go to the airport.
Answer: to bring - Try not ____ late on your first day at work.
Answer: to be - ____ a new language takes a lot of practice.
Answer: Learning - Eating too much sugar ____ bad for your teeth.
Answer: is - When we arrived at the station, the train ____ already left.
Answer: had - She was tired because she ____ all night.
Answer: had studied - I ____ never seen snow before I visited Canada.
Answer: had
More lessons in Unit 12: Culture Shock
Questions about this lesson
When do we use an infinitive after decide?
decide to + verb: I've decided to study Spanish.
What is a gerund as a subject?
Verb + ing working as a noun: Swimming is fun.
How do we form the past perfect?
had + past participle: I had finished before he arrived.
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